李增智;HYWEL-JONENigel Leslie;孙长胜;

• 1:浙江泛亚生命科学研究院
• 2:安徽农业大学微生物防治省重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

根据考古和史料证据推断，人们对虫草的认识有着5000多年的历史，涉及文化、艺术、历史、哲学、宗教、习俗、医药及生物科学等方面。根据各阶段的特点可分为崇拜时代、本草时代、描述时代和分子时代。(1)崇拜时代(红山文化–神农本草经问世)：中国考古发掘出众多玉蚕和玉琀蝉，反映在远古时期对虫草的蒙昧认识以原始的轮回崇拜为特点。至今中外仍遗留着一些古代虫草崇拜的习俗。(2)本草时代(《神农本草经》问世–1818年虫草属建立)：古代苏美尔人可能使用过一种虫草入药；而中国人2 000年来一直使用白僵蚕、蝉花和冬虫夏草等入药。此时期物化观念对东西方都有较大影响，对于虫草东西方均有“动物化植物”“竹根化蝉”“虫草互变”等认知，反映了物化论的深刻影响。(3)描述时代(1818年–20世纪末)：1818年Fries建立虫草属，揭开虫草菌科学发展300年的篇章。物化论逐渐被近代科学取代；庞大的虫草家族逐渐形成。欧洲和日本流行虫草绘画，加快了虫草知识的普及。19世纪后期兴起利用虫草菌防治害虫，并在20世纪中期形成规模较大的真菌杀虫剂产业。中国将虫草用于食品和药品的古老传统得以传承并发展，在20世纪后期形成较大产业；但欧美各国发展较慢。(4)分子时代(21世纪初以来)：在现代生物科学和技术的带动和支撑下，虫草研究从上世纪末开始进入分子时代。生物药物素研究缓慢进展，而虫草的多基因系统发育、虫草侵染昆虫的分子致病机制以及以基因组学引领的组学研究则快速进展。国际和国内学术交流活跃，对于弘扬虫草文化起到有力的促进作用。

关键词(KeyWords)： 虫草;文化;科学;医药;历史

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(30972368)~~

作者(Authors): 李增智;HYWEL-JONENigel Leslie;孙长胜;

DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.220023

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