吴声华;戴玉成;

• 1:自然科学博物馆
• 2:北京林业大学保护区学院

摘要(Abstract)：

桑黄的药用记载源自两千多年前的《神农本草经》中的「桑耳」,桑黄名称最早出自唐初甄权所著《药性论》。桑黄异于其他药用真菌之处是外观相似的种类多。两千年来多本古籍所记载之桑黄,乃不同人对于不同真菌种类的阐述,因为古代无能力研究显微特征以区分种类,亦无分子手段进行种类鉴定。现代桑黄的研究起于1968年日本学者发现桑黄的卓越抗癌能力。日、韩过去普遍以Phellinuslinteus当作桑黄的拉丁学名。然而,中国学者在1998年发现P. linteus是中美洲的种类,亚洲并无分布。2012年发表真正的桑黄为新种Inonotussanghuang,只长在桑树上。2016年发表桑黄及其相近种类属于新属:桑黄孔菌属Sanghuangporus,桑黄的拉丁学名因此改为Sanghuangporus sanghuang。桑黄孔菌属目前所知有14种,与生长的树种常具有专一性,只有桑树桑黄这一种长在桑树上。桑树桑黄的药理活性优于市售常见的杨树桑黄S. vaninii及暴马桑黄S. baumii。在中、日、韩广泛栽培的所谓桑黄子实体并非桑树桑黄,而是杨树桑黄(简称杨黄)。有鉴于桑树桑黄及杨树桑黄的优良保健功效及安全性,建议政府部门应尽早研究将这两种药用真菌收录于中国药典,纳入食品原料以及中药品,以促进民众健康和桑黄产业发展;并且应该明确规范这两种药用真菌产品的正确拉丁学名及中文名称。

关键词(KeyWords)： 中国;日本;缅甸;韩国;桑黄;药用真菌

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0503)~~

作者(Authors): 吴声华;戴玉成;

DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.190354

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