李海蛟;章轶哲;刘志涛;郑粉双;赵炳;吴刚;

• 1:中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所
• 2:云南省疾病预防控制中心营养与食品卫生所
• 3:云南大学附属医院急诊内科
• 4:华宁县疾病预防控制中心

摘要(Abstract)：

近年来，云南省每年发生超过500起蘑菇中毒事件，造成2 000余人中毒，约30人死亡，成为我国蘑菇中毒危害最为严重的省份。系统研究蘑菇中毒事件中的毒蘑菇多样性，可以为蘑菇中毒精准防控提供科学依据和技术支撑。本研究对云南省2013年以来开展过科学物种鉴定的223起中毒事件进行了系统分析，发现云南省蘑菇中毒一年四季均有发生，主要集中在6–9月份，中毒事件数和中毒人数7月份达到高峰，而6月份死亡人数最多。地区分布分析发现云南省蘑菇中毒事件涉及14个市州，中毒事件数前5位分别为德宏、玉溪、保山、楚雄和普洱，均位于云南中部及以南地区。223起中毒事件中共成功鉴定出47种毒蘑菇，分属6种中毒类型(急性肝损害型、急性肾衰竭型、横纹肌溶解型、胃肠炎型、神经精神型和光敏性皮炎型)。这些毒蘑菇包含发现于中国的新物种16种，以及2019年以来发现的中国新记录种3种。致命鹅膏Amanitaexitialis和亚稀褶红菇Russulasubnigricans分别造成19人和9人死亡，是云南省最危险的2种剧毒蘑菇。青褶伞Chlorophyllummolybdites、日本红菇R.japonica、光硬皮马勃Sclerodermacepa、近江粉褶菌Entolomaomiense和发光类脐菇Omphalotusolearius位列胃肠炎型中毒的前5位。热带紫褐裸伞Gymnopilus dilepis、毒歧盖伞近似种Inosperma cf. virosum和兰茂牛肝菌Lanmaoa asiatica位列神经精神型中毒的前3位。叶状耳盘菌Cordierites frondosus是目前云南省造成光敏性皮炎型中毒的唯一物种。

关键词(KeyWords)： 毒蘑菇;蘑菇中毒;物种多样性

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 云南省“万人计划”青年拔尖人才项目~~

作者(Authors): 李海蛟;章轶哲;刘志涛;郑粉双;赵炳;吴刚;

DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.210488

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