杜习慧,赵琪,杨祝良

• 1:中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

羊肚菌属Morchella真菌是一类珍稀食用和药用真菌,具有重要的经济和科研价值。从羊肚菌属的分类研究、物种多样性、物种分布与生态多样性、演化历史、人工栽培等方面,对新近的研究成果进行了综述,总结了世界羊肚菌研究中取得的主要成绩,指出了仍然存在的主要问题及解决这些问题的相应思路和对策。

关键词(KeyWords)： 羊肚菌;物种多样性;物种分布;生态;演化历史;人工栽培

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点基础研究发展计划(No.2014CB138305);; 国家自然科学基金(No.31300022);; 中国科学院“西部之光“人才培养计划”西部博士资助项目

作者(Author): 杜习慧,赵琪,杨祝良

DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.130260

参考文献(References)：

• Axelrod DJ,1960.The evolution of flowering plants.In:Tax D(ed.)Evolution after Darwin.Vol.1.University of Chicago Press,Chicago.227‐305
• Baynes M,Newcombe G,Dixon L,Castlebury L,O’Donnell K,2012.A novel plant‐fungal mutualism associated with fire.Fungal Biology,116(1):133‐144
• Bresinsky A,Glaser W,Stangl J,1972.Untersuchungen zur Sippenstruktur der Morchellaceen.Berlin Bayerische Botanische Gesellschaft,43:127‐143
• Bunyard BA,Nicholson MS,Royse DJ,1994.A systematic assessment of Morchella using RFLP analysis of the28 S ribosomal gene.Mycologia,86(6):762‐772
• Bunyard BA,Nicholson MS,Royse DJ,1995.Phylogenetic resolution of Morchella,Verpa and Disciotis[Pezizales:Morchellaceae]based on restriction enzyme analysis of the 28S ribosomal gene.Experimental Mycology,19:223‐233
• Buscot F,1993.Synthesis of 2 types of association between Morchella esculenta and Picea abies under controlled culture conditions.Journal of Plant Physiology,141 (1):12‐17
• Buscot F,Kottke I,1990.The association of Morchella rotunda(Pers.)Boudier with roots of Picea abies(L.)Parst.New Phytologist,116(3):425‐430
• Chen JY,Liu PG,2005.A new species of Morchella(Pezizales,Ascomycota)from southwestern China.Mycotaxon,93 :89‐93
• Christiane S,Wieslaw B,Walter D,2009.Fungi from the roots of the common terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea.Mycologial Research,113:952‐959
• Crisan EV,Sands A,1978.Nutritional value of edible mushrooms.In:Chang ST,Hayes WA(eds.)The biology and cultivation of edible mushrooms.Part I.General aspects.Academic Press,New York.137‐168
• Dahlstrom JL,Smith JE,Weber NS,2000.Mycorrhiza‐like interaction by Morchella with species of the Pinaceae in pure culture synthesis.Mycorrhiza,9(5):279 ‐285
• Dai YC,Yang ZL,2008.A revised checklist of medicinal fungi in China.Mycosystema,27:801‐824(in Chinese)
• Dettman JR,Jacobson DJ,Taylor JW,2003.A multilocus genealogical approach to phylogenetic species recognition in the model eukaryote Neurospora.Evolution,57 :2703‐2720
• Donoghue MJ,2008.A phylogenetic perspective on the distribution of plant diversity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,105:11549‐11555
• Donoghue MJ,Smith SA,2004.Patterns in the assembly of temperate forests around the Northern Hemisphere.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,359(1450):1633‐1644
• Du XH,Zhao Q,O’Donnell K,Rooney AP,Yang ZL,2012a.Multigene molecular phylogenetics reveals true morels(Morchella)are especially species‐rich in China.Fungal Genetics and Biology,49:455‐469
• Du XH,Zhao Q,Yang ZL,Hansen K,Takn H,Büyükalaca S,Dewsbury D,Moncalvo JM,Douhan GW,Robert Vincent ARG,Crous PW,Rehner SA,Rooney AP,SinkS,O’Donnell K,2012b.Morchella ITS rDNA phylogenetics‐How well do ITS rDNA sequences differentiate species of true morels(Morchella)?Mycologia,104 (6):1351‐1368
• Fries EM,1822.Systema mycologicum.In:Reprint.Confederatio Europaea Mycologiae Mediterraneensis,Italy.19942(1):10
• Geiser DM,Pitt JI,Taylor JW,1998.Cryptic speciation and recombination in the aflatoxin producing fungus Aspergillus flavus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,95 :388‐393
• Gessner RV,Romano MA,Schultz RW,1987.Allelic variation and segregation in Morchella deliciosa and Morchella esculenta.Mycologia,79(5):683‐687
• Guzmán G,Tapia F,1998.The known morels in Mexico,a description of a new blushing species,Morchella rufobrunnea,and new data on M.guatemalesis.Mycologia,90(4):705‐714
• Harrison SP,Yu G,Takahara H,Prentice IC,2001.Palaeovegetation(Communications arising):diversity of temperate plants in East Asia.Nature,413(6852):129 ‐130
• Hewitt GM,2000.The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages.Nature,405(6789):907‐913
• Hibbett D,Binder M,Bischoff JF,Blackwell M,Cannon PF,Eriksson OE,Huhndorf S,James T,Kirk PM,Lucking R,Lumbsch HT,Lutzoni F,Matheny B,Mclaughlin DJ,Powell MJ,Redhead S,Schoch CL,Spatafora JW,Stalpersl JA,Vilgalys R,Aime MC,Aptroot A,Bauer R,Begerow D,Benny GL,Castlebury LA,Crous PW,Dai YC,Gams W,Geiser DM,Griffith GW,Gueidan C,Hawksworth DL,Hestmark G,Hosaka K,Humber RA,Hyde KD,Ironside JE,Koljalg U,Kurtzman CP,Larsson KH,Lichtwardt R,Longcore J,Miadlikowska J, Miller A,Moncalvo JM,Mozley‐Standridge S,Oberwinkler F,Parmasto E,Reeb V,Rogers JD,Roux C,Ryvarden L,Sampaio JP,Schu遧er A,Sugiyama J,Thorn RG,Tibell L,Untereiner WA,Walker C,Wang Z,Weir A,Weiss M,White MM,Winka K,Yao YJ,Zhang N,2007.A higher‐level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi.Mycological Research,111(5):509‐547
• Hobbie EA,Weber NS,Trappe JM,2001.Mycorrhizal vs saprotrophic status of fungi:the isotope evidence.New Phytologist,150:601‐610
• Jung SW,Gessner RV,Keudell KC,Romano MA,1993.Systematics of Morchella esculenta complex using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Mycologia,85 (4):677‐684
• Kanwal HK,Acharya K,Ramesh G,Reddy MS,2011.Molecular characterization of Morchella species from the western Himalayan region of India.Current Microbiology,62(4):1245‐1252
• Korf RP,1973.Discomycetes and Tuberales.In:Ainsworth GC,Sparrow FK,Sussman AS(eds.)The fungi.Vol.4.Academic Press,New York.249‐319
• Koufopanou V,Burt A,Taylor JW,1997.Concordance of gene genealogies reveals reproductive isolation in the pathogenic fungus Coccidioides immitis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,94:5478‐5482
• Kuo M,Dewsbury DR,O’Donnell K,Carter MC,Rehner SA,Moore JD,Moncalvo JM,Canfield SA,Methven AS,Volk TJ,2012.A taxonomic revision of true morels(Morchella)in Canada and the United States.Mycologia,104 (5):1159‐1177
• Lan J,Cao WC,Xu JT,1999.Resources of Morchella in fungi in China.Resources Science,21(2):56‐61(in Chinese)
• Li QL,Ding C,Fan L,2013.Trophic manner of morels analyzed by using stable carbon isotopes.Mycosystema,32:213‐223(in Chinese)
• Li SH,Zhao YC,Chai HM,Zhong MH,2006.Two new species in the genus Morchella(Pezizales,Morchellaceae)from China.Mycotaxon,95:319‐322
• Li SZ,1590.Bencao Gangmu.In:Liu HR(ed.)Compendium of Materia Medica,1982.People’s Medical Publishing House,Beijing.1718(in Chinese)
• Masaphy S,2010.Biotechnology of morel mushrooms:successful fruiting body formation and development in a soilless system.Biotechnology Letter,32:1523‐1527
• Mckellar RL,Kohrman RE,1975.Amino acid composition of morel mushroom.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,23(3):464‐467
• Mortimer PE,Karunarathna SC,Li QH,Gui H,Yang XQ,Yang XF,He J,Ye L,Guo JY,Li HL,Sysouphanthong P,Zhou DQ,Xu JC,Hyde KD,2012.Prized edible Asian mushrooms:ecology,conservation and sustainability.Fungal Diversity,56:31‐47
• Mou CJ,1987.Two species of Morchella,new to Xinjiang,and a variety,new to science.Acta Mycologica Sinica,6:122‐123
• Nilsson RH,Kristiansson E,Ryberg M,Hallenberg N,2008.Intraspecific ITS variability in the kingdom fungi as expressed in the international sequence databases and its implications for molecular species identification.Evolutionary Bioinformatics,4:193‐201
• O’Donnell K,Rooney AP,Mills GL,Kuo M,Weber NS,Rehner SA,2011.Phylogeny and historical biogeography of true morels(Morchella)reveals an early Cretaceous origin and high continental endemism and provincialism in the Holarctic.Fungal Genetics and Biology,48(3):252‐265
• Ower R,1982.Notes on the development of the morel ascocarp‐Morchella esculenta.Mycologia,74(1):142 ‐144
• Peck CH,1879.Report of the botanist.Annual Report on the New York State Museum of Natural History,32:17 ‐72
• Peck CH,1903.New species of fungi.Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club,30:95‐101
• Pilz D,McLain R,Alexander S,Villarreal R,Berch S,Wurtz TL,Parks CG,McFarlane E,Baker B,Molina R,Smith JE,2007.Ecology and management of morels harvested from the forests of Western North America.General technical report PNW‐GTR‐710.US Department of Agriculture,Forest Service,Pacific Northwest Research Station,Portland.161
• Qiu YX,Fu CX,Comes HP,2011.Plant molecular phylogeography in China and adjacent regions:tracing the genetic imprints of quaternary climate and change in the world’s most diverse temperate flora.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,59 :225‐244
• Revankar SG,Sutton DA,2010.Melanized fungi in human disease.Clinical Microbiology Reviews,23(4):884‐928
• Royse DJ,May B,1990.Interspecific allozyme variation among Morchella spp.and its inferences for systematics within the genus.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,18(7‐8):475‐479
• Ryberg M,Nilsson RH,Kristiansson E,Topel M,Jacobsson S,Larsson E,2008.Mining metadata from unidentified ITS sequences in GenBank:a case study in Inocybe(Basidiomycota).BMC Evolutionary Biology,8:50
• Sanmartín I,Enghoff H,Ronquist F,2001.Patterns of animal dispersal,vicariance and diversification in the Holarctic.Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,73 (4):345‐390
• Soltis DE,Morris AB,McLachlan JS,Manos PS,Soltis PS,2006.Comparative phylogeography of unglaciated eastern North America.Molecular Ecology,15(14):4261‐4293
• Stefani F,Sokolski S,Wurtz TL,PichéY,Hamelin RC,Fortin JA,BérubéJA,2010.Morchella tomentosa:a unique belowground structure and a new clade of morels.Mycologia,102:1082‐1088
• Svenning JC,2003.Deterministic Plio‐Pleistocene extinctions in the European cool temperate tree flora.Ecology Letters,6(7):646‐653
• Takn H,Büyükalaca S,Dogan HH,Rehner SA,O’Donnell K,2010.A multigene molecular phylogenetic assessment of true morels(Morchella)in Turkey.Fungal Genetics and Biology,47(8):672‐682
• Takn H,Büyükalaca S,Hansen K,O’Donnell K,2012.Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of true morels(Morchella)reveals high levels of endemics in Turkey relative to other regions of Europe.Mycologia,104 (2):446‐461
• Taylor JW,Jacobson DJ,Kroken S,Kasuga T,Geiser DM,Hibbett DS,Fisher MC,2000.Phylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi.Fungal Genetics and Biology,31(1):21‐32
• Vilgalys R,2003.Taxonomic misidentification in public DNA databases.New Phytologist,160:4‐5
• Volk TJ,Leonard TJ,1989.Experimental studies on the morel.I.Heterokaryon formation between monoascosporous strains of Morchella.Mycologia,81(4):523 ‐531
• Wipf D,Fribourg A,Munch JC,Botton B,Buscot F,1999.Diversity of the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA in morels.Canadian Journal of Microbiology,45(9):769 ‐778
• Wipf D,Munch JC,Botton B,Buscot F,1996.DNA polymorphism in morels:complete sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of genes coding for rRNA in Morchella esculenta(yellow morels)and Morchella conica(black morels).Applied and Environmental Microbiology,62(9):3541‐3543
• Wu ZY,Wu SG,1996.A proposal for a new floristic kingdom(realm)‐the E.Asiatic kingdom,its delimitation and characteristics.In:Zhang AL,Wu SG(eds.)Proceedings of the first international symposium on floristic characteristics and diversity of East Asian plants.China Higher Education Press/Springer‐Verlag,Beijing,China/Berlin,Germany.3‐42
• Yang ZL,2005.Diversity and biogeography of higher fungi in China.In:Xu J(ed.)Evolutionary genetics of fungi.Horizon Bioscience,Norfolk,UK.35‐62
• Yang ZL,2011.Molecular techniques revolutionize knowledge of basidiomycete evolution.Fungal Diversity,50 :47‐58
• Yang ZL,2013.Fungal taxonomy in the genomics era:opportunities and challenges.Mycosystema,32(6):931 ‐946(in Chinese)
• Yang ZL,Du XH,Feng B,Zhao Q,2012.Diversity of wild edible and medicinal mushrooms in China:past studies and future prospects.In:Zhang JX,Wang HX,Chen MJ(eds.)Proceedings of the 18th Congress of the International Society for Mushroom Science,Beijing.47‐57
• Yuan MS,Sun PQ,1995.The macromycetes of Sichuan.Sichuan Science and Technology Press,Chengdu.91 ‐94(in Chinese)
• Zang M,1987.The striking higher fungi and new species in East Himalayas.Acta Botanica Yunnanica,9(1):81 ‐88(in Chinese)
• Zeng NK,Tang LP,Li YC,Bau T,Zhu XT,Zhao Q,Yang ZL,2013.The genus Phylloporus(Boletaceae,Boletales)from China:morphological and multilocus DNA sequence analyses.Fungal Diversity,58:73‐101 ЗероваМЯ,1941.Новийзморшок崇龀腓眄钽?степу(Morchella steppicola Zerova sp.nov.).БоTан.журн.АНУРСР,2(1):155‐159
• Zhao Q,Xu ZZ,Cheng YH,Qi SW,Hou ZJ,2009.Bionic cultivation of Morchella conica.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences.22(6):1690‐1693(in Chinese)
• Zhu DX,2008.The study progress for morels cultivation.Edible Fungi of China,27(4):3‐5(in Chinese)
• 戴玉成,杨祝良,2008.中国药用真菌名录及部分名称的修订.菌物学报,27:801‐824
• 兰进,曹文芩,徐锦堂,1999.中国羊肚菌属真菌资源.资源科学,21(2):56‐61
• 李时珍,1590.本草纲目.见:刘衡如整理.1982.本草纲目.北京:人民卫生出版社.1718
• 李青连,丁翠,范黎,2013.羊肚菌营养方式的稳定碳同位素研究.菌物学报,32:213‐223
• 袁明生,孙佩琼,1995.四川蕈菌.成都:四川科学技术出版社.91‐94
• 杨祝良,2013.基因组学时代的真菌分类学:机遇与挑战.菌物学报,32(6):931‐946
• 臧穆,1987.东喜马拉雅引人注目的高等真菌和新种.云南植物研究,9(1):81‐88
• 赵琪,徐中志,程远辉,戚淑威,侯志江,2009.尖顶羊肚菌仿生栽培技术.西南农业学报,22(6):1690‐1693
• 朱斗锡,2008.羊肚菌人工栽培研究进展.中国食用菌,27(4):3‐5