何俊;罗宗龙;邓瑞民;苏开美;李树红;苏鸿雁;

• 1:大理大学农学与生物科学学院
• 2:云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

采自滇西北地区的2份野生大型真菌标本，通过形态学及内转录间隔区(ITS)序列的分子系统发育分析鉴定为柳生金针菇Flammulina rossica和金针菇F.filiformis。以分离纯化保藏的菌株Mdr-02和Mdr-09作为实验材料，进行生物学特性和驯化栽培研究，采用碳源、氮源、无机盐、pH和温度5个因素进行单因素实验，从中挑选出4个较优因素的3个最优水平进行正交试验，研究不同培养条件对菌丝生长的影响。结果表明，柳生金针菇菌丝的最适生长碳源为麦芽浸粉，最适生长氮源为豆饼粉，最适无机盐为碳酸钙，最适生长温度为24℃，最适pH为6.0；金针菇菌丝最适碳源为麦芽浸粉，最适氮源为酵母粉，最适无机盐为硫酸镁，最适生长温度为24℃，最适pH为6.0。此外，本研究首次成功驯化了柳生金针菇并获得了一株可选育的金针菇菌株，为野生金针菇种质资源开发及新品种选育提供参考。

关键词(KeyWords)： 系统发育;形态学;正交试验;驯化栽培

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(31970021,32060006);; 大理大学真菌多样性保护及利用创新团队(ZKLX2019213);; 科技人才与平台项目(2017HB084);; 云南财政项目(云财教[2020]323号)~~

作者(Authors): 何俊;罗宗龙;邓瑞民;苏开美;李树红;苏鸿雁;

DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.210259

参考文献(References)：

• Adam?íks S,RipkováS,2008.New collections of Flammulina rossica.Czech Mycology,60(1):113-121
• Bas C,1983.Flammulina in western Europe.PersooniaMolecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi,12:51-66
• Chen DM,Xu YF,Gui WQ,Lu XZ,Wang F,Tang HJ,1990.Breeding and application of new variety of Flammulina velutipes-Hujun No.3.Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology,5:35-37 (in Chinese)
• Dai YC,Yang ZL,2018.Notes on the nomenclature of five important edible fungi in China.Mycosystema,37(12):1572-1577 (in Chinese)
• Dai YC,Zhou LW,Yang ZL,Wen HA,Bau T,Li TH,2010.Arevised checklist of edible fungi in China.Mycosystema,29:1-21 (in Chinese)
• Ge ZW,Liu XB,Zhao K,Yang ZL,2015.Species diversity of Flammulina in China:new varieties and a new record.Mycosystema,34(4):589-603
• Ge ZW,Yang ZL,Zhang P,Matheny PB,Hibbett DS,2008.Flammulina species from China inferred by morphological and molecular data.Fungal Diversity,32(2):59-68
• Guo MY,Huang NL,1984.Variety characteristics of Flammulina velutipes Sanming No.1.Edible Fungi,5:10-11 (in Chinese)
• Guo YX,Song B,Li D,Wang XX,Su WY,Fu YP,Li Y,2016.Biological characteristics and artificial domestication cultivation of wild stains of Lepista sp.Journal of Fungal Research,14(4):222-225 (in Chinese)
• Hall TA,1999.Bio Edit:a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows95/98/NT.Nucleic Acids Symposium Series,41:95-98
• Huang CY,Li J,Yang T,Zhang YQ,Yao Q,Han JD,Xie HY,Gong ZY,2020.Comparison of industrial cultivation of37 Flammulina velutipes strains.Edible Fungi,42(3):19-23 (in Chinese)
• Huang XH,1990.Several kinds of edible fungus hyphae use different carbon and nitrogen sources.Edible Fungi,3:10-11 (in Chinese)
• Jia JY,Hou YL,1999.High-yield cultivation techniques of white Flammulina velutipes.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,8:14 (in Chinese)
• Jin RG,Shou CX,Li SX,1988.Biological characteristics and cultivar ratio of Flammulina velutipes.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Zhejiangensis,14(4):441-446 (in Chinese)
• Katoh K,Standley DM,2013.MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software Version 7:improvements in performance and usability.Molecular Biology and Evolution,30:772-780
• Kornerup A,Wanscher JH,1981.Taschenlexikon der farben3.Aufl.Muster-Schmidt Verlag,G?ttingen.1-242
• Li L,Xu XJ,1994.The biological characteristics of Flammulina velutipes white strain F21.Edible Fungi,1:5-6 (in Chinese)
• Li Y,Li F,Fan JD,Shi XM,Zhang JB,2021.Status,main problems and countermeasures of Flammulina filiformis industrial production in China.Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms,29(2):96-100 (in Chinese)
• Li YY,Wang L,1991.The characteristics of white strain FV088 of Flammulina velutipes.Edible Fungi,1:18-19(in Chinese)
• Liang QQ,Song LR,Niu X,Xi YL,Feng JH,Cao XL,He YS,Zhu JX,Wei SL,2020.Biological characteristics and domestic cultivation of Agaricus subfloccosus.Mycosystema,39(7):1301-1311 (in Chinese)
• Liu KA,Liu M,Zhang GW,Li SS,Ma H,Yin SL,2019.Advances in genetics and breeding of Flammulina velutipes.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,47(14):18-22(in Chinese)
• Meng L,Xu GF,Duan LJ,2004.Influence of Fe SO4 on the growth and development of edible fungi hypha.Edible Fungi of China,23(3):45-47 (in Chinese)
• Miao J,Yang Y,Ye QC,Wang JY,Luo JZ,2014.Analysis about physiological performance of 4 types Flammulina velutipes.Journal of China West Normal University(Natural Sciences),35(3):213-216 (in Chinese)
• Miller MA,Pfeiffer W,Schwartz T,2010.Creating the CIPRES science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees.Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE),New Orleans.8
• Peng L,2015.Study on immunity mechanism of intracellular polysaccharide in Flammulina rossica Redhead.Master Thesis,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun.10-15(in Chinese)
• Peng L,Yang JH,Wang W,Wang Q,2017.Fermentation and culture conditions optimization of Flammulina velutipes and extraction process of mycelial polysaccharides.Edible Fungi,5:24-27 (in Chinese)
• Rambaut A,2012.Fig Tree version 1.4.0.http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/
• Redhead SA,Petersen RH,Methven AS,1999.Flammulina(Agaricales):F.rossica,a new New Zealand species distantly related to the cultivated Enoki mushroom.Canadian Journal of Botany,76:1589-1595
• Song LL,Xing XK,Guo SX,2019.The development process and extracellular enzyme activity of wild Flammulina fennae.Journal of Fungal Research,17(2):79-87 (in Chinese)
• Wang DC,2000.Preliminary study on carbon and nitrogen sources for Flammulina velutipes under solid culture.Edible Fungi of China,19(5):3-39 (in Chinese)
• Wang PM,Liu XB,Dai YC,Horak E,Steffen K,Yang ZL,2018.Phylogeny and species delimitation of Flammulina:taxonomic status of winter mushroom in east Asia and a new European species identified using an integrated approach.Mycological Progress,17(7):1013-1030
• Wang T,Bao HY,Bau T,Li Y,2016.Biological characteristics and cultivation of Inonotus hispidus parasitizing on Ulmus macrocarpa var.mongolica.Mycosystema,35(6):694-704 (in Chinese)
• Wang XH,Buyck B,Verbeken A,Hansen KR,2015.Revisiting the morphology and phylogeny of Lactifluus with three new lineages from southern China.Mycologia,107:941-958
• White TJ,Bruns T,Lee S,Taylor JW,1990.Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.In:Innis MA,Gelfand DH,Sninsky JJ,White TJ (eds.) PCR protocols,a guide to methods and applications.Academic Press,New York.315-322
• Wu JY,Kaewnarin K,Nie XM,Li QB,He N,Huang JL,Geng AL,2021.Biological activities of a polysaccharide from the coculture of Ganoderma lucidum and Flammulina velutipes mycelia in submerged fermentation.Process Biochemistry,109:10-18
• Yang HC,Tan YL,Su WY,Xu Y,Wang CH,Qin YY,Zhou ZL,2019.Comparison of mycelial growth characteristics of 29 Flammulina velutipes strains.Contemporary Horticulture,21:64-77 (in Chinese)
• Zhang LJ,Liu SX,Luo XK,Shang LE,Xu PX,Guo YH,2015.Variety test of 26 cultivated strains of Flammulina velutipes.Edible Fungi of China,34(2):39-43 (in Chinese)
• Zhang XY,Bau T,Li Y,2019.Biological characteristics and cultivation of Auricularia fibrillifera.Mycosystema,38(7):1099-1110 (in Chinese)
• Zhang Z,Tan WP,Liu YC,Mo WP,Huang LH,Huang ZY,Chen DM,Hu HP,Yu RL,2017.Isolation,identification and cultivation of a wild-type Flammulina fennae.Acta Edulis Fungi,24(1):45-49 (in Chinese)
• Zhou JL,He BW,Huang LS,Yang MH,Mao XW,2010.The breeding and application of new strain of Flammulina velutipes.Edible Fungi of China,29(3):15-17 (in Chinese)
• Zhu YY,Wang R,Wang Q,2014.Biological characteristics and preliminary study on liquid deep fermentation culture of Flammulina rossica.Abstract of the Sixth Member Representative Conference of Chinese Fungi Society (2014 Academic Annual Meeting) and Guizhou Edible Fungi Industry Development Summit Forum,92(in Chinese)
• Zhu YY,Wang R,Wei W,Zhu XY,Wang YQ,Wang Q,2015.Anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects of exopolysaccharides from Flammulina rossica on H22tumor-bearing mice.Mycosystema,34(4):772-778 (in Chinese)
• 陈德明，徐玉芬，归武球，陆雪珍，汪峰，汤惠杰，1990.金针菇新品种--沪菌3号的选育研究和应用.上海农业科技，5:35-37
• 戴玉成，杨祝良，2018.中国五种重要食用菌学名新注.菌物学报，37(12):1572-1577
• 戴玉成，周丽伟，杨祝良，文华安，图力古尔，李泰辉，2010.中国食用菌名录.菌物学报，29:1-21
• 郭美英，黄年来，1984.金针菇三明一号的品种特性.食用菌，5:10-11
• 郭昱秀，宋冰，李丹，王新新，苏文英，付永平，李玉，2016.野生毛尖蘑的生物学特性及驯化栽培.菌物研究，14(4):222-225
• 黄春燕，李瑾，杨彤，张元祺，姚强，韩建东，谢红艳，宫志远，2020.37个黄色金针菇菌株工厂化栽培比较.食用菌，42(3):19-23
• 黄新汉，1990．几种食用菌菌丝对不同碳氮源的利用．食用菌，3:10-11
• 贾建益，侯艳丽，1999.白金针菇高产栽培技术.安徽农业，8:14
• 金荣观，寿诚学，李曙轩，1988.金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)的生物学特性及其栽培品比.浙江农业大学学报，14(4):441-446
• 李良，徐小君，1994.金针菇白色菌株F21的生物学特性研究.食用菌，1:5-6
• 李勇，厉芳，樊继德，史新敏，张俊保，2021.我国金针菇工厂化生产的现状、存在问题及对策.食药用菌，29(2):96-100
• 李育岳，汪麟，1991.金针菇白色株FV088特性研究.食用菌，1:18-19
• 梁倩倩，宋利茹，牛鑫，席亚丽，冯九海，曹选莉，贺宇杉，祝建烜，魏生龙，2020.絮缘蘑菇生物学特性及驯化栽培.菌物学报，39(7):1301-1311
• 刘昆昂，刘萌，张根伟，李书生，马宏，尹淑丽，2019.金针菇遗传育种研究进展.江苏农业科学，47(14):18-22
• 孟丽，许桂芳，段利娟，2004.硫酸亚铁对食用菌菌丝体生长发育的影响.中国食用菌，23(3):45-47
• 缪建，杨燕，叶倩宸，王建云，罗金洲，2014.4株栽培用金针菇部分生物学特性分析.西华师范大学学报(自然科学版)，35(3):213-216
• 彭璐，2015.柳生金针菇胞内外多糖免疫及机制研究.吉林农业大学硕士论文，长春.10-15
• 彭璐，杨健华，王巍，王琦，2017.柳生金针菇发酵培养条件优化及菌丝体多糖提取工艺.食用菌，5:24-27
• 宋林丽，邢晓科，郭顺星，2019.芬娜冬菇子实体发育过程及胞外酶活性.菌物研究，17(2):79-87
• 王德昌，2000.金针菇固体培养碳氮源初步研究.中国食用菌，19(5):3-39
• 王婷，包海鹰，图力古尔，李玉，2016.寄生于蒙古黄榆上的粗毛纤孔菌生物学特性及驯化栽培.菌物学报，35(6):694-704
• 杨和川，谭一罗，苏文英，徐艳，王朝晖，秦裕营，周振玲，2019.29株金针菇菌株菌丝生长特性比较.现代园艺，21:64-77
• 张利菁，刘绍雄，罗孝坤，尚陆娥，徐丕曦，郭永红，2015.26个金针菇栽培品种比较实验.中国食用菌，34(2):39-43
• 张晓宇，图力古尔，李玉，2019.脆木耳生物学特性及驯化栽培.菌物学报，38(7):1099-1110
• 张智，谭武平，刘远超，莫伟鹏，黄龙花，黄志勇，陈冬梅，胡惠萍，于荣利，2017.一株野生芬娜金针菇菌株的鉴定与驯化栽培.食用菌学报，24(1):45-49
• 周建林，何伯伟，黄良水，杨明华，毛小伟，2010.金针菇新品种菌株选育及应用.中国食用菌，29(3):15-17
• 朱宴妍，王瑞，王琦，2014.柳生金针菇的生物学特性及液体深层发酵培养初探.中国菌物学会第六届会员代表大会(2014年学术年会)暨贵州省食用菌产业发展高峰论坛会议摘要，92
• 朱宴妍，王瑞，魏巍，朱相杨，王永强，王琦，2015.柳生金针菇胞外粗多糖对小鼠肝癌H22移植性肿瘤的抑制作用和免疫功能调节的研究.菌物学报，34(4):772-778