戴玉成,曹云,周丽伟,吴声华

• 1:北京林业大学微生物研究所
• 2:中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

灵芝是最重要的药用真菌之一,在我国已有2,000多年的记载和利用历史。虽然早在一百多年前法国真菌学家Patouillard就有给中国的灵芝冠上Ganoderma lucidum这一学名,并沿用至今,但随着分子生物学技术的不断发展,人们认识到过去外国人的定名并不正确。实际上,G.lucidum是1871年由William Curtis根据采自英国的标本描述的新物种。最近的研究表明,我国广泛分布和栽培的灵芝与产于欧洲的G.lucidum不同,是一个独立的种,其合法的拉丁学名应为G.lingzhi。鉴于"灵芝"这一名称在中国已使用2,000余年,故建议"G.lingzhi"的汉语学名为"灵芝"(俗称赤芝),而灵芝属的模式种G.lucidum的汉语学名改为"亮盖灵芝"(俗称白肉灵芝或白灵芝)。灵芝Ganoderma lingzhi广泛分布于东亚暖温带和亚热带,其主要形态特征是孔口表面新鲜时浅黄色至硫磺色、成熟时菌肉中有黑褐色区带、管口壁厚度为80–120μm。亮盖灵芝G.lucidum主要分布于欧洲和亚洲,在我国分布于东北、华北、华中和西南海拔较高地区,其孔口表面新鲜时白色至奶油色、成熟时菌肉中无黑褐色区带、管口壁厚度为40–80μm。四川灵芝G.sichuanense尽管其担孢子与灵芝G.lingzhi相似,但基于其模式标本ITS序列的系统发育研究表明,该种与灵芝不同,是个独立的种,且在广东也有发现。

关键词(KeyWords)： 药用真菌;灵芝学名;命名法规

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国科学院百人计划

作者(Author): 戴玉成,曹云,周丽伟,吴声华

DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.2013.06.010

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